December 11, 2013 THE VILLADOM TIMES IV • Page 19 Easy tips can help ensure a flu-free winter Spending significant time indoors in close proximity to others can make people more susceptible to the flu. As a result, winter, when people typically spend more time indoors than outdoors, is often dominated by the sniffling and sneezing synonymous with flu. However, men and women can take steps to protect themselves from the flu this season. Get a flu shot. Some people prefer to avoid getting a flu shot because they want to build up their natural immunities or they believe the shots can make them sick. Most flu shots contain an inactive virus that will not make people sick, and will only trigger their immune systems’ response to a foreign invader. It can take a couple of weeks for full immu- nity to develop, so it is possible to still get sick even after a flu shot has been administered. Also, a flu shot does not guarantee recipients will not get the flu. People can still get the flu after receiving a flu shot, as it may be another strain of the virus. However, flu shots are largely effective. Quit smoking. Smoking cigarettes and cigars can affect the immune system and compromise the body in a number of different ways. Smoking can disable mechanisms in breathing passageways that serve as natural repellants to the flu. These include the hairs on the lungs that brush away contaminants. Smoking also can create holes in the lining of lower air passages, and such holes can make people more susceptible to illness, including the flu. Smokers who get the flu typically find that the illness further complicates their ability to breathe. Avoid sick people. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, people with the flu can spread it to others up to six feet away. Flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets of bodily fluids expelled during coughing, sneez- ing, and even talking. Doctors recommend that anyone who has the flu should stay home from work or school until they are fully recovered. Be especially cautious when pregnant. According to Dr. Cameron Wolfe, an infectious disease specialist at Duke University Medical Center, women who are pregnant are at a higher risk of complications and even death from influ- enza. Doctors do not fully understand why, but many feel that because the flu can compromise a woman’s ability to breathe well, this makes it difficult for oxygen to be passed on to the fetus. Pregnant women should speak with their obstetricians about the safety of the flu shot. Get plenty of rest and good food. Adequate sleep and a Avoid frostbite (continued from page 16) At the onset, individuals experiencing the primary symp- toms of frostbite, including redness, tingling, or numbing, can benefit from moving into a warm room. Removal of wet and cold clothing is also advisable. The affected tissues should be warmed gently with warm water. The water should be comfortable to the touch in areas not affected by the frostbite. Do not use hot water. If warm water is unavailable, use body heat to warm the affected areas. For example, tuck cold hands under arm- pits. It is unadvisable to use a dry heating source like heating pads or a campfire to thaw frostbitten skin. Avoid massag- ing or disturbing the tissue on frostbitten skin, which can cause further damage. Prompt medical attention should be sought to determine the severity of the frostbite. A combination of warm ther- healthy diet can bolster the immune system. It is important to stay hydrated, eat fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, and prioritize getting a good night’s sleep each night. Beware of homeopathic remedies. Always check with a doctor before using any natural remedies. While some sup- plements like elderberry syrup, zinc, and oscillococcinum can mitigate symptoms of the flu, there is no solid evidence that these items offer any preventative value. Homeopathic remedies can interfere with medications or may be danger- ous to a developing fetus, so do not take these substances without first checking with a doctor. apy and hydration could help salvage damaged tissues. The easiest way to ward off symptoms of frostbite is to be diligent in preventing it from beginning. This includes wearing several layers of clothing. The innermost layer of clothing should be something that wicks moisture away from the body. Mittens provide more protection than gloves, and wool socks can add an extra layer of warmth to feet and toes. Ears and the face can be covered by scarves or special hat-and-mask com- binations. Increasing physical activity will help keep warm blood pumping through tissue and help a person to stay warm. Avoid smoking tobacco, which can constrict blood vessels and increase the risk of frostbite. By the same token, do not drink alcohol because it may create the sensation of warmth and may lead a person to think he or she is warm, even if frostbite is occurring. Keeping a few chemical hand warmers available and keeping an extra blanket tucked in a car trunk can help one avoid a cold-weather emergency and reduce the risk for frostbite.